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Fransk greve
og ridder.
Dunois et Longueville, Jean, Bastard of Orléans, greve af (se også Longueville)(ca. 1403-1468), uægte søn af den af hertugen af Burgund myrdede hertug Ludvig af Orléans. Var bestemt til gejstlig, men løb af lære og og sluttede sig til Dauphin Karl (VII), i hvis tjeneste han kæmpede heldigt mod englænderne. Forsvarede 1429 Orléans mod englænderne, som han ved Jeanne d'Arcs hjælp tvang til at opgive belejringen. Efter nye sejre fik han grevskabet Dunois (1436) og Longueville (1442), fratog 1455 englænderne Normandiet og Guyenne. (HK3/1921)
Jean d'Orléans
(1402-1468), comte de Dunois et Longueville, dit "Le Bâtard d'Orléans"
Born at Paris (1403) Jean was the natural son of Louis I duc d'Orléans
and Mariette d'Enghien, dame de Cany. Jean was adopted and raised faithfully
by Louis' wife, Valentina Vosconti. As such Jean was close to Charles,
the letigimate heir and subsequent duc d'Orléans. Charles was captured
at the battle of Agincourt and held prisoner for many years by the English.
The Orléanist cause (as well as that of the dauphin's) was briefly
defended by Charles d'Orléans younger brother, Philippe, comte
de Vertus, who died suddenly in 1420. Before his death Philippe arranged
to ransom the release of Jean, who had been held captive by the Burgundians
since 1418.
Jean, who by his own insistance, went proudly by the title "The Bastard
of Orléans" continued to fight for the French Valois king
and for the protection of the dukedom against the English. Jean took up
with La Hire (Etienne de Vignolles) and Poton de Xaintrailles in confronting
the English when the opportunities arose. This small force managed to
make the English occupation uncomfortable, even re-captured Le Mans for
a short time. Jean was present at dauphanist's victory at Baugé
(22 March 1421) and defeats at Cravant (1423) and Verneuil (August 1424).
Jean and La Hire reinforced Montargis (1427) with 1,600 troops, forcing
Warwick to break off his siege.
He became one of the most active leaders in the defense of Orléans
when the city was besieged by the English in 1428. Jean was one of the
first military commanders to value Jeanne d'Arc's participation. His tactful
dealing with her contributed significanly in the success of her mission
to relieve the town of Orléans. Jean was an active commander in
the post-Orléans campaign of 1429, where he directed forces in
the capture of Jargeau and was one of the French commanders at the victory
of Patay.
Made comte de Dunois, Jean (still prefering to go by the expression 'the
Bastard') led the army that captured Le Mans the last time (1448), and
Rouen (1449). He was made lieutenant-general of Charles VII's army, a
position just below that of Constable. Dunois was the dauphin Louis' forces
that relieved Dieppe (August 1443). Dunois was one of the commanders in
the successful 1450 reconquest of Normandy. For Dunois' heroic defense
of the Orléanists lands, duc Charles d'Orléans, upon being
released from captivity in England, presented his half-brother the castle
of Châteaudun.
After Charles VII's victory over the English, Dunois joined in an uprising
against the king. However, he realigned himself back with Charles VII.
Later, under the monarachy of Louis XI, Dunois participated in an uprising
of nobles against the king, the League of the Public Weal (bien publique
= general welfare) (1464-65). Louis XI managed to settle with the nobles,
and accepted Dunois back into royal favor. Dunois, became head of Louis
XI's Council of Thirty-Six (a kind of supreme court of inquiry and public
policy in Paris).
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